Dawkins, Replicators pro- havior of the cuckoo. Most evolu- competition among organisms. This point is well tionary biologists agree e. Dawkins presses the issue further.
Noting To understand adaptation, however, it is im- that genes can have phenotypic effects outside portant to consider how differential reproduc- of the organism e. For example, the nestling feeding be- but disfavored at another e. The emergent prop- a history of natural selection on human abilities erties resulting from gene coalitions e. Dawkins does provoke one to rethink care- never can be independent of the past history of fully the mechanisms by which natural selection natural selection that created and guided the operates.
Dawkins suggests that development and his view of cultural evolution, is the necessity ontogeny are important criteria distinguishing that a meme be a replicator. This discussion is especially fun for those of us who study rel- been found that correspond to specific behaviors atively mundane species from the animal king- or cultural traits Pribram, The physical dom.
I strongly recommend the book to all ogy with genetic natural selection worthless or students of evolution. In spite of this caveat, Dawkins goes on to Mark V. I disagree. The mechanism by which cultural traits in- Alexander, R. Want more? Advanced embedding details, examples, and help!
The Extended Phenotype is a book by Richard Dawkins, in which the author introduced a biological concept of the same name.
The main idea is that phenotype should not be limited to biological processes such as protein biosynthesis or tissue growth, but extended to include all effects that a gene has on its environment, inside or outside the body of the individual organism. As influential today as when it was first published, The Selfish Gene has become a classic exposition of evolutionary thought. Professor Dawkins articulates a gene's eye view of evolution - a view giving centre stage to these persistent units of information, and in which organisms can be seen as vehicles for their replication.
This imaginative, powerful, and stylistically brilliant work not only brought the insights of Neo-Darwinism to a wide audience, but galvanized the biology community, generating much debate and stimulating whole new areas of research. Forty years later, its insights remain as relevant today as on the day it was published.
This 40th anniversary edition includes a new epilogue from the author discussing the continuing relevance of these ideas in evolutionary biology today, as well as the original prefaces and foreword, and extracts from early reviews. Can the structures that animals build--from the humble burrows of earthworms to towering termite mounds to the Great Barrier Reef--be said to live? However counterintuitive the idea might first seem, physiological ecologist Scott Turner demonstrates in this book that many animals construct and use structures to harness and control the flow of energy from their environment to their own advantage.
Building on Richard Dawkins's classic, The Extended Phenotype, Turner shows why drawing the boundary of an organism's physiology at the skin of the animal is arbitrary. Since the structures animals build undoubtedly do physiological work, capturing and channeling chemical and physical energy, Turner argues that such structures are more properly regarded not as frozen behaviors but as external organs of physiology and even extensions of the animal's phenotype.
By challenging dearly held assumptions, a fascinating new view of the living world is opened to us, with implications for our understanding of physiology, the environment, and the remarkable structures animals build. How the meaningless process of natural selection produces purposeful beings who find meaning in the world. In From Darwin to Derrida, evolutionary biologist David Haig explains how a physical world of matter in motion gave rise to a living world of purpose and meaning.
Natural selection, a process without purpose, gives rise to purposeful beings who find meaning in the world. These texts become the specifications for the intricate mechanisms of living beings. Haig draws on a wide range of sources—from Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy to Immanuel Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgment to the work of Jacques Derrida to the latest findings on gene transmission, duplication, and expression—to make his argument.
Genes and their effects, he explains, are like eggs and chickens. Eggs exist for the sake of becoming chickens and chickens for the sake of laying eggs.
A gene's effects have a causal role in determining which genes are copied. A gene considered as a lineage of material copies persists if its lineage has been consistently associated with survival and reproduction. Organisms can be understood as interpreters that link information from the environment to meaningful action in the environment.
Meaning, Haig argues, is the output of a process of interpretation; there is a continuum from the very simplest forms of interpretation, instantiated in single RNA molecules near the origins of life, to the most sophisticated.
Life is interpretation—the use of information in choice. Dawkins explains and argues how the theory of evolution by natural selection refutes the creationist watchmaker theory that posits a divine creator. The Selfish Gene is a classic exposition of evolutionary thought.
In it Professor Dawkins articulates a gene's eye view of evolution - a view giving centre stage to these persistent units of information, and in which organisms can be seen as vehicles for the replication of genes. The book provoked widespread and heated debate, which in part led Dawkins to write The Extended Phenotype, in which he gave a deeper clarification of the central concept of the gene as the unit of selection, as well as contributing his own development of this insight.
For the first time, The Extended Selfish Gene brings these two books together, by including two key chapters from The Extended Phenotype. These chapters provide Dawkins's detailed and powerful response to two issues raised by critics of The Selfish Gene: the accusations of genetic determinism the idea that our behaviour is entirely determined by our genes , and of "adaptationism" that all traits are indiscriminately perceived to be adaptations resulting from natural selection.
While written in particular for the biology community, Dawkins's clarity of expression allows these chapters to be accessible to all who are seriously engaged with the gene's eye view and its implications. Some of the techniques listed in The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene may require a sound knowledge of Hypnosis, users are advised to either leave those sections or must have a basic understanding of the subject before practicing them.
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Loved each and every part of this book.
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